Pope Leo was perturbed. The speed of change was dizzying. The elements of conflict were unmistakable: the vast expansion of industry, the marvellous discoveries of science, the changing relations between employers and workers, the enormous fortunes being made amid mass poverty and prevailing moral degeneracy. The gravity of the situation “fills every mind with painful apprehension”, he wrote in his landmark papal encyclical Rerum Novarum (Of New Things) in 1891.
教宗良十三世(Pope Leo XIII)深感不安。变革的速度令人目眩。冲突的要素清晰可见：工业急剧扩张、科学取得惊人发现、雇主与工人关系发生变化，以及在普遍贫困和道德败坏之中迅速积累的巨额财富。1891年，他在具有里程碑意义的通谕《新事》(Rerum Novarum，意为“新事物”)中写道，局势之严峻“使每个人心中都充满痛苦的不安”。
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