Pessimism dies hard in the UK. Even so, the startling rise in sentiment seen in British business surveys in recent months calls for a rethink of the downbeat view of the economy that prevailed at the start of 2013. After several years of gloomy economic data, there was strong consensus that the country was permanently mired in a severe demand shortfall, and that none of the usual levers – monetary policy, fiscal policy or weaker sterling – could fix the problem. The outlook appeared so bleak that the government imported Mark Carney from Canada to devise emergency ways of easing monetary conditions.
在英国，人们的悲观情绪很难消退。尽管如此，最近几个月对英国企业的调查却显示出企业信心显著回升，这呼唤我们反思2013年初盛行的对英国manbetx20客户端下载 的悲观看法。在manbetx20客户端下载 数据持续多年呈现悲观面貌之后，人们达成了一个有力共识：英国已永久性陷入严重的需求短缺状况，通常的政策工具——货币政策、财政政策或英镑贬值——都无法解决这个问题。前景看上去如此黯淡，以至于英国政府从加拿大搬来马克•卡尼(Mark Carney)做救兵，来制定放松货币状况的紧急策略。