From invasions and internal revolts to strikes on its leadership, Iran’s theocratic regime has survived for almost half a century through countless crises and foreign interventions.
Repeatedly, and often against the odds, the Islamic Republic showed its ability to adapt under pressure and use ruthless tactics when needed — underscoring the durability of a complex power structure deliberately built on competing centres of influence.
The president, the clerical establishment and the Revolutionary Guard all vie for power under the command of the country’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. The result is a system that fragments decision-making yet ultimately reinforces the Ayatollah’s primacy.
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