The Institute for Supply Managers survey index declined to 32.4 from 36.2 in November, much worse than expected, while new orders and production measures hit their lowest level since the survey began in 1948.
It coincided with manufacturing data that highlighted the sharp synchronised decline in economic activity around the world, with manufacturing suffering severe pain globally.
JPMorgan's global purchasing managers index (PMI) showed manufacturing activity falling to its lowest level since the survey began 11 years ago.
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