History is replete with famous intellectual battles. In the natural sciences, these have usually led to decisive victories, with good science ousting bad. There are few Ptolemaic astronomers left, or believers in the phlogiston theory of combustion. In the social sciences, the situation is different. There have been famous battles galore, but no decisive victories. Indeed, it is characteristic of the social sciences that their battles are interminable, temporary defeats being followed by the regrouping of the defeated forces for a renewed assault.
历史上充斥着著名的学术论战。在自然科学领域，结果通常是一方取得决定性胜利，优秀的科学取代愚昧的科学。如今，没有几个天文学家信奉托勒密的地心说，也不会有人相信燃素说。但在社会科学领域，情况就不同了：著名的论战比比皆是，但不存在决定性的胜利。实际上，这是社会科学的特征之一：这一领域的论战往往旷日持久，暂时失败的一方会重新集结力量，发起新的攻势。
您已阅读10%（724字），剩余90%（6748字）包含更多重要信息，订阅以继续探索完整内容，并享受更多专属服务。