In the late 18th century, Johann Gottlieb Beckmann, a Saxon forester, hit upon the idea of systematically surveying Saxony's forests. He dispatched trained surveyors into a tract of woodland to hammer nails into every tree. Each man carried nails of five different colours, enabling them to grade trees by size. When every tree was marked and the men emerged, Beckmann counted the coloured nails left over to calculate the exploitable resources.
18世纪末，撒克逊林务官约翰•戈特利布•贝克曼(Johann Gottlieb Beckmann)突然萌生系统调查撒克逊森林的想法。他把受过培训的调查员派到一大片林地中，让他们在每棵树上钉上钉子。每人携带5种不同颜色的钉子，以便按照树木的大小进行分类。当调查员在每棵树上都钉上钉子并返回后，贝克曼通过统计剩余彩钉的数量，就能计算出可供开发的资源。
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