With the renminbi depreciating for six straight days starting last Wednesday, debate about its value has been renewed. Markets are fixated on whether Beijing will allow or even encourage the renminbi to depreciate further although diplomatic pressures remain strong for continued appreciation.
While attention is focused on the value of the renminbi, more important for China is to promote greater flexibility, as I have previously argued. The challenge has always been finding the right opportunity. A pre-ordained nominal appreciation of three to six per cent annually only encourages speculative capital inflows. Thus the recent build-up in the country’s reserves has come as much from money pouring in as from trade surpluses. China must find a way out of this dilemma.
Although the global economy has deteriorated, paradoxically, conditions are better than a year ago for moving to a more flexible exchange rate system. A prolonged and volatile slowdown in global economic activity from the eurozone crisis, coupled with a sluggish US recovery, is now likely. With China’s key export markets under stress, its trade surplus will decline to about 1.5 per cent of gross domestic product this year from around five or six per cent several years ago. Coupled with recent efforts to liberalise imports, China’s trade surplus may soon evaporate. If so, fluctuations in China’s $3,200bn of reserves will be shaped largely by capital movements and currency valuations since most of its holdings are denominated in US dollars and the euro.