And still the revelations come. Leading banks pay yet more record fines for egregious behaviour ranging from sanctions-busting to facilitating tax evasion. Their involvement in rigging markets now extends beyond Libor, the rate at which banks lend to each other, to foreign exchange and the gold market. It appears to be a pervasive rather than occasional phenomenon. Even when they have been shopped, they do not give up. UK banks, we discover, have been underpaying compensation for mis-sold payment protection insurance.
目前仍不断有消息曝出。大银行因各种恶劣行为而支付的罚金不断创下新纪录,这些行为从违反制裁到帮助避税,不一而足。它们的市场操纵行为不局限在伦敦银行间同业拆借利率(Libor),更是延伸到了外汇和黄金市场。这似乎是一种普遍而非偶然现象。即便银行受到了告发后,它们仍不肯收手。我们发现,英国的银行因不当销售支付保护险(payment protection insurance)而支付的赔偿款一直过低。