European history between the two world wars contains two traps for the unaware. The first is the instinct to read history backwards. Because we know that the period ended in the most destructive war in history, it is tempting to conclude that this outcome was foreordained in events 10 or 20 years earlier. Such determinism often comes with an assumption that there was something inevitable about the collapse of Germany’s democratic Weimar Republic, whose fall in 1933 and replacement by the Nazi dictatorship were major factors in the drift to war.
研究两次世界大战之间的欧洲历史有两个不易觉察的陷阱。第一个是从后视镜里看历史的本能。由于我们知道那段时期以史上最具破坏性的战争告终，因此诱惑在于得出结论认为：10年或20年之前的事件已经注定了这一结局。这种决定论往往伴随着如下假设：实行民主制度的德国魏玛共和国(Weimar Republic)崩溃是不可避免的事情。魏玛共和国在1933年垮台，被纳粹党独裁政权取而代之，是一步步滑向战争的主要因素。
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