Adam Smith, the father of modern capitalism, famously thought that fair markets required a shared moral framework between buyer and seller. That’s no surprise, considering that his ideas came out of the 18th-century marketplace, in which producers and consumers were likely to be neighbours. Advances in technology, transport and communications have taken us a long way since then, creating complex global supply chains. These have reduced consumer prices but introduced risks of their own, from market-distorting monopoly power to labour exploitation and environmental degradation.
现代资本主义之父亚当•斯密(Adam Smith)有一个著名的观点：公平市场需要买卖双方有一致的道德框架。这并不奇怪，因为他的想法源于18世纪的市场，当时的市场背景下，生产者和消费者很可能是邻居。从那时起，技术、交通运输和通信的进步为我们带来了长足的发展，创造了复杂的manbetx app苹果 供应链。这虽然降低了消费者价格，但也带来了其自身的风险，从扭曲市场的垄断力量到劳动力剥削和环境恶化。