When Belgian-based multinational Umicore ships rubbish within the European Union, it has to send through authorisation documents via a fax machine in one EU country and ensure signatures are in blue ink instead of black in another.
These are just some of the obstacles Umicore faces to get waste shipments from all over the European Union to its giant recycling plant in the city of Antwerp.
The list of different requirements is so long it resembles a trade route across the Hanseatic League, which peaked in the Middle Ages, rather than one through the world’s largest single market created in 1993.
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