As recently as 30 years ago, products were assembled in one country, using inputs from that same country. Measuring trade was thus easy. 2011 is very different. Manufacturing is driven by global supply chains, while most imports should be stamped “made globally”, not “made in China”, or similar. This is not an academic distinction. With trade imbalance causing friction between leading economies, the measures we use can gravely exacerbate geopolitical tensions at a time when co-operation is more vital than ever.
直到30年前，产品在一个国家组装，采用的零部件还是自同一个个国家。因此，计算贸易额很容易。2011年却是另一番景象。制造活动受到manbetx app苹果 供应链的推动，而大多数进口商品都应贴上“manbetx app苹果 制造”的标签，而非“manbetx3.0 制造”或者其他类似标签。这不是一种学术差异。鉴于贸易失衡引发了主要manbetx20客户端下载 体之间的摩擦，在当前这个比以往任何时候都更需要合作的时候，我们采用的计算方法可能会大大加剧地缘政治紧张关系。