In its relations with its most powerful clients, the International Monetary Fund possesses “the right to be consulted, the right to encourage and the right to warn”. Walter Bagehot, the great Victorian economic journalist, gave this description of the role of the British monarch in the 19th century. I applied this phrase to the role of the fund in a paper I submitted to its 2011 triennial surveillance review. At the annual meetings in Tokyo, the fund fulfilled precisely this role. What matters, however, is that its members, above all, the US and Germany, act upon the warnings and encouragement they have received.
在与其一些最强大的客户打交道的过程中，国际货币基金组织(IMF)拥有“商量权、鼓励权和警告权”——维多利亚女王时期伟大的manbetx20客户端下载 记者沃尔特•白芝浩(Walter Bagehot)曾用这三个词描述19世纪英国君主的作用。在为国际货币基金组织2011年度的三年工作评审提交的论文中，我也用这几个词来描述该组织的作用。IMF确实在东京年会上行使了这几种权利。但真正重要的是，其成员国，尤其是美国和德国，能够依据收到的警告和鼓励讯息采取行动。