One of the defining characteristics of the modern economy is that it's awfully complicated. Even a fairly humble product such as a shirt might incorporate cotton from west Africa, oil from Indonesia to make the polyester in the button (manufactured in China), and designs sketched out by an Italian using American computer software. Then there is the sheer number of products: Eric Beinhocker, author of The Origin of Wealth, reckons there are probably 10 billion distinct products and services available in a modern economic environment such as London, Tokyo or New York. It's a guess, but a fairly educated one. Beinhocker also estimates that for a traditional hunter-gatherer society, the number is closer to 300.
现代manbetx20客户端下载 体的一个标志性特征就是其高度的复杂性。即便是像衬衫这样较为低端的产品，也可能综合了西非的棉花、印度尼西亚的石油——用于生产纽扣（manbetx3.0 制造）中的聚酯成分——以及某个意大利人使用美国电脑软件绘制而成的设计图。此外，现代manbetx20客户端下载 体的产品数量也多得惊人：《财富起源》(The Origin of Wealth)作者埃里克•拜因霍克(Eric Beinhocker)估计，在伦敦、东京及纽约等现代manbetx20客户端下载 环境中，可能存在100亿种不同的产品和服务。这虽是个猜想，但不乏理论与事实依据。拜因霍克还估计，在一个传统的采猎社会，这个数字更接近于300。