Transparency is a relatively new concept in Europe. For centuries, the continent was shaped by institutions that jealously guarded their secrecy. For example, the Council of Ten, which ran the Republic of Venice for almost 500 years, took its decisions in camera.
在欧洲，透明度还是一个较为新潮的概念。几个世纪以来，那些小心翼翼地保护自身秘密的机构塑造出了欧洲大陆的保密传统。例如，管理威尼斯共和国(Republic of Venice)将近500年的十人委员会(Council of Ten)，便是闭门做决定的。
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