Is it better to use carrots or sticks to get people back into work? For the past 25 years or so, a lot of countries have gone big on the latter. Germany’s Hartz IV reforms in the mid-2000s, which chivvied the unemployed to look for work and imposed financial penalties on people who refused job offers, are perhaps the most famous example. Although economists still debate their effect, unemployment plunged over the following decade and Germany shed its label as the “sick man of Europe”.
是用胡萝卜引诱人去工作更好，还是用大棒把人赶去工作更好？在过去25年左右的时间里，许多国家都在大力实施后一种策略。德国在2000年代中期实施的哈尔茨第四阶段就业改革方案(Hartz IV)可能是最著名的例子。该方案催促失业者去找工作，并对拒绝工作邀约的人做出manbetx20客户端下载 处罚。尽管该方案究竟效果如何是manbetx20客户端下载 学家仍在争论的问题，但在该方案实施后的十年里，德国失业率大幅下降，它也摘掉了“欧洲病夫”的帽子。
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