When an MIT professor called Joseph Weizenbaum created one of the first chatbots in the mid-1960s, he received two shocks in quick succession. The first was how readily people anthropomorphised the rudimentary program, which he called Eliza. “What I had not realized is that extremely short exposures to a relatively simple computer program could induce powerful delusional thinking in quite normal people,” he wrote in his 1976 book Computer Power and Human Reason.
在20世纪60年代中期，麻省理工学院教授约瑟夫•韦曾鲍姆创造了最早的一批聊天机器人之一，这很快让他接连受到两次震惊。第一次震惊是，人们竟然如此轻易地把这个被他命名为“伊莱扎”(Eliza)的简陋程序拟人化。他在自己1976年出版的《计算机的威力与人的理性》一书中写道：“我当时没有意识到，如此短暂地接触一个相对简单的计算机程序，就能在完全正常的人身上引发如此强烈的妄想性思维。”
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