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Simon Schama: The founding fathers and the battle for America’s future
西蒙•沙玛:开国元勋与美国未来之争

In 1776, visions of liberty and justice were fraught with compromise, conflict and contradiction. Today, the founders’ words still shape national identity
1776年,人们对自由与正义的憧憬充满了妥协、冲突与自相矛盾,而今,开国元勋的言辞仍在塑造着美国的国家认同。

In July 1776, John Adams wrote to his wife, Abigail, that it would be a fine idea if America’s “day of deliverance” could be “solemnized with Pomp and Parade, with Shews, Games, Sports, Guns, Bells, Bonfires and Illuminations from one End of this Continent to the other from this Time forward forever more”. But he meant July 2 not July 4, for on that day the Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, had adopted a resolution to break its allegiance from Britain and make an independent state.

1776年7月,约翰•亚当斯(John Adams)写信给妻子阿比盖尔,说如果美国的“解放之日”能“以盛大的礼仪和游行来庆祝,从此以后世世代代,这块大陆从一端到另一端都燃放焰火、举行表演、游戏、体育活动,鸣枪敲钟,点起篝火和灯火,那就太好了”。不过,他指的是7月2日而非7月4日。因为正是在2日,大陆会议(Continental Congress)在费城开会,通过了脱离英国效忠、建立独立国家的决议。

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