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Why wishful thinking doesn’t work
一厢情愿的政策难奏效


FT专栏作家哈福德:一厢情愿的思维方式不但解决不了问题,还会适得其反。在政策制定的过程中,要充分利用市场机制,让人们自己选择优先顺序。

Three years ago, the University of Vermont in Burlington began to experiment with a few nudges towards a healthy, sustainable lifestyle. First, in 2012, campus outlets and the company operating the vending machines were required to make sure that at least 30 per cent of the drinks on offer were wholesome stuff such as vegetable juice, low-fat milk and water. A few months later, selling bottled water on campus was banned outright. The aim, pushed hard by student campaigners, was to encourage students to fill reusable bottles with tap water instead.

三年前,位于伯灵顿的佛蒙特大学(University of Vermont)开始尝试一些推进健康、可持续生活方式的“轻推”(nudge)举措。首先,在2012年,校园商店和经营自动售货机的公司被要求确保它们提供的饮料中有至少30%是健康饮品,比如蔬菜汁、低脂牛奶和水。几个月后,校园里彻底禁售瓶装水。这一举动的目标是鼓励学生用自来水灌入可重复使用的饮水瓶、以代替瓶装水,学生倡导者也努力推动这一目标的实现。

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